President Taft Continued Roosevelts Progressive Program by
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Chapter 11 section 3 PowerPoint Presentation
Chapter 11 section 3
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Chapter 11 section 3
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Chapter 11 section 3 Progressivism Under Taft and Wilson
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President William Howard Taft • Roosevelt's chosen successor. • Continued Roosevelt's Progressive program by pursuing antitrust cases.
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President Taft continued • Progressives in congress unlike Taft, favored low tariffs. • Progressives first became furious with Taft over the protective Payne-Aldrich Tariff. • President Taft's Secretary of the Interior was Richard Ballinger, who angered conservationists by siding with business interests that sought unrestricted development of federal lands in the West.
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Split in the Republican Party • When Gifford Pinchot accused Richard Ballinger of corruption, before Congress, Taft fired Pinchot. • The Progressive faction of the Republican Party protested Taft's handling of the Ballinger-Pinchot affair. • When the House passed a resolution allowing full membership, instead of the Speaker, to appoint the Rules Committee the Republican Party was split.
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New Nationalism • Was Roosevelt's name for his Progressive reform program, at the time of the midterm elections of 1910. • Included Roosevelt's call for business regulation, welfare laws, workplace protection for women & children, income & inheritance taxes, and voting reform.
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Presidential Election of 1912 • Theodore Roosevelt challenges his old friend President Taft for the Republican nomination in 1912. • Even though Roosevelt was more popular, Taft won the Republican nomination because he controlled the National convention. • Roosevelt's supporters broke from the Republican party and formed the Progressive Party.
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Election of 1912 continued • When Roosevelt was giving a speech and he was shot but continued to speak for an hour and a half. Roosevelt said "it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose." • The Progressive party became nicknamed the "Bull Moose Party." • The Bull Moose party supported women's suffrage on its platform. • Woodrow Wilson was the democratic candidate in 1912. • Wilson called his policy "The New Freedom" which promised to enforce antitrust laws without threatening free economic competition.
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Even More on the Election of 1912 • Wilson wins the election of 1912. • A major reason that Wilson won the election of 1912 was that Roosevelt split the Republican vote. • Wilson's reform platform during the 1912 campaign differed from Roosevelt's in that he promised to preserve free economic competition.
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Clayton Antitrust Act • Passed with Wilson's guidance in 1914 to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act. • Spelled out specific activities that big business could not do. • Prevented antitrust suits from being brought against unions and prohibited court injunctions against strikes.
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Federal Reserve System • Was established by Woodrow Wilson to reorganize the federal banking system. • Was intended to prevent bank failures. • Wilson wanted it to promote competition in the industry and to ease the frequent panics that destabilized the U.S. economy. • System was supervised by the Federal Reserve Board appointed by the President.
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Federal Reserve System Continued • Every national bank was required to become a member of the the Federal Reserve bank in its district. • Each bank was required to deposit some capital the Federal Reserve bank in its district. • Member banks could borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank to help meet short term demands this helps prevent bank failures. • The system also created a new national currency know as Federal Reserve notes. • The FED could now expand or contract the amount of currency in circulation. (control the money supply)
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Progressivism was halted by • World War I
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Women's Suffrage Movement • American women first officially demanded to right to vote in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention in New York. • Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were major players at this convention. • When Susan B. Anthony joined to joined the cause she and Stanton became the nation's most celebrated champions of women's suffrage.
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Suffragist Strategies • The National Woman Suffrage Association, including Stanton and Anthony fought for a Constitutional Amendment to for suffrage. • The American Woman Suffrage Association worked on the state level to win voting rights. • When Wyoming entered the union in 1890, it became the first state to grant women full suffrage. • In 1872 Susan B. Anthony led a group of women to the polls in Rochester, New York, insisting on voting. Anthony was arrested and convicted for the act of civil disobedience.
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Suffrage at the turn of the century • In 1890, veteran leaders of the suffrage movement, including Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, were joined by younger leaders in forming the National American Woman Suffrage Association. • After the deaths of Stanton and Anthony, the woman who eventually led NAWSA to victory was Carrie Chapman Catt
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Split in the Suffrage Movement • Alice Paul transformed the NAWSA committee that was working on the passage of a congressional suffrage Amendment into a new organization the Congressional Union. • Paul's action resulted in a split in the suffrage movement. • Paul's CU called for an aggressive, militant campaign for the constitutional amendment. • She planned to bypass existing state suffrage organizations and set up new one's in each state.
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The leadership of NAWSA opposed Paul's plan, believing it would alienate moderate supporters. In 1914 they expelled the Congressional Union from its organization. • When New York gave the right to vote to women, Presidential candidates now had to court the New York women's vote because of its large number of electoral votes. • Women's activities in WWI resulted in more Americans supporting their right to suffrage. • The battle for women's suffrage ended with the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920.
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